Inkuru icukumbuye: Amakosa akorwa kuri Zakatul fitri

Mu gihe hasigaje igihe gito ngo igisibo cy’ukwezi kwa Ramadhan kurangire, abayislam bishoboye batanga ituro rigenewe abakene rizwi ku izina rya Zakatul Fitri, iri turo ritangwa mu rwego rwo kweza igisibo hagendewe ku magambo cg ibikorwa biba byarabaye kuwasibye mu gihe cy’igisibo

Ubushakashatsi twakoze mu bitabo bitandukanye no ku bantu batandukanye kuri iri turo, rigaraza ko hari bimwe mu bivugwa kuri iri turo,  mubo twavugishije bahisemo kuduha za gihamya kuri iri turo ariko birinda ko dukoresha amazina yabo mu nkuru ku bwo nkwanga ko hari ingaruka mbi byabagiraho.

Uretse kugira icyo badutangariza, banatuyobora aho twakura amakuru avuga kuri iki gikorwa bose kandi bakatuganisha ku kureba mu bitabo bidashidikanywaho muri islam aribyo Bukhar na Muslim

Zakatul fitri si ijambo rishya mu matwi y’abayislam kuko abamaze igihe bamaze igihe mu idini ya islam nibura baryumva buri mwaka bitewe ni uko igisibo ari ngarukamwaa, mu nkuru yacu turagaruka kuri amwe mu makosa akora mu buryo buzwi cg se bikarekwa kubera inyungu runaka.

Amwe mu makosa agaragara kuri Zakatul fitri

1. Gutoranya ibitangwa

Abamenyi mu idini ya islam bavuga ko bavuga ko bagendeye ku byanditse mu bitabo bidashidikanywaho muri iri dini kandi ku rwego rw’isi ( Bukhar na Muslim) bigaragaza imvugo (hadith) z’intumwa y’imana zisobanura ibitoranywa muri zakatul Fitri.

Hadith yavuye ku musangirangendo Abdullah bun Omar ivuga ko Intumwa y’imana (SAW) yategetsi Zakatul mu gipimo cya Swaa mu itende no mu ngano, ku bacakara, mu bagore n’abagabo, mu bana ndetse no mu bakuru mu bayislam, uyu musangirangendo w’intumwa akomeza avuga ko intumwa y’Imana yategetse ko iri turo ritangwa mbere y’uko abantu basohoka mu rugo bajya gusari ilayidi.

Mu yindi mvugo igaragazwa n’umusangirangendo witwa Abu Saidi al Khudri ivuga ko Intumwa y’Imana yategetse ko zakatul fitri itangwa mu biryo ku bipimo by’itende no mu ngano cyangwa se muri Akit (ubwoko bw’iribibwa bwakorwaga mu mata bumishaga), no mu bipimo ku mizabibu.

Hari n’indi mvugo uyu musangirangendo avuga agaragaza ko ku gihe cy’intumwa y’Imana bajyaga batanga Swaa mu byo kurya, kandi ko icyo gihe ibiryo byabo byaribwagan’abantu bose byabaga ari ingano izabibu na Akit n’itende.

Ubushakashatsi bwacu bugaragaza hari abamenyi bagaragaje ko ifunguro ritangwa mu biribwa biribwa n’abantu bari muri ako gace kandi ryoroheye abantu bose ( nko mu Rwanda ibiryo biribwa na buri wese ni umuceri n’ibgigori nka kawunga) ariko kandi ko ridatangwa mu burisho (amashaza, soya, ibishyimbo) ahubwo ritangwa mu biribwa gusa kandi byiza kandi byahaza umukene no kmurinda gusabiriza

Ubushakashatsi bwacu bugaragaza ko muri Ayyat ya 89 ya Qoran Surat Maida igaragaza ko Imana igira: “Muramenye nimujya gutoranya ibyo gutanga (sadaka cg zaka) ntimugatoranye bya bindi bibi aribyo mutanga kandi mwe mutabyakira”  na none kandi Imana ikavuga ko abantu bagomba gutanga ku biringaniye nibyo baha imiryango yabo.

2.Igipimo gitangwa n’ibitangwa

Mu kubara igitangwa kuri zakatul Fitri ni igipimo kingana n’icyo islam ivuga cyitwa (Swa’a) y’ibiryo by’ahantu zakatul fitri igiye gutangwamo.

Abamenyi bagaragaza ko iyi swa’a ibipimirwamo ingano ya zakatul fitri igihe cyose iba ingana kuko biterwa n’ikiyijyamo bityo Swa’a y’umuceri ikaba itangana n’iy’itende, uburo,ingano, cyangwa Akit, bitewe n’umubyimba wa  buri kimwe mu bwoko butangwamo Zakatul fitri kuko habarwa umubyimba hatabarwa uburemere.

Abamenyi bagaragaza ko Swa’a ibarirwa hagati  y’ibiro bibiri n’igice (2.5kg) na bitatu (3kg) bigatandukanywa  n’ubwoko bw’ibiribwa akenshi bikoreshwa mu Rwanda kuko hari igihe iyo ari izabibu cg itende bishoboka kujya hazi bikagera ku kiro kimwe n’igice.

3.Gutanga amafaranga mu mwanya wa Zakatul fitri

Abamenyi bavuga ko ikosa rya gatatu ari ibyo gutanga amafaranga cyangwa ikiguzi mu mwanya wa Zakatul fitri, aba bamenyi bavuga ko intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yategetse ibiryo biribwa n’ahantu.

Abamenyi mu iri dini bavuga ko igikorwa cya Zakatul fitri atari igikorwa cyakozwe inshuro imwe kuko igisibo cy’ukwezi kwa ramadhan, intumwa y’Imana yagusibye inshuro 9 mu buzima bwe bwose ari nako yatangaga zakatul fitri mu mpera z’igisibo.

Abahakana amafaranga bashingira kuba mvugo zose (hadith) nta na rimwe Intumwa y’Imana yemereye abari kumwe nawe gutanga iri turo (zakatul Fitri) mu kiguzi cg mu mafaranga.

Mu bamenyi bose twabajije badutangarije ko mu bayoboye ubuyislam nyuma y’intumwa y’Imana kandi bakomeye aribo (Abubakar swidik, Omar bun khatab, Uthman bun Afan na Ally bun abitwarib) ndetse n’ababakurikiye batigeze bategeka cyangwa ngo bigishe abayislam gutanga zakatul fitri mu kiguzi cyangwa mu mafaranga.

4. Igihe cyo gutanga zakatul fitri

Igihe cyo gutanga zakatul fitri ni kimwe mu bintu bikomeye mu gutanga zakatul fitri bitewe n’umugambi wa Zakatul fitri, abamenyi mu idini ya islam bavuga ko bashingiye ku byavuzwe mu mvugo z’intumwa y’Imana ziri muri Muslim ba Bukhar zigaragaza ko itangwa mbere yo gusohoka mu mazu yabo bagiye gukora isengesho.

Hadith ya Abdullah bun Omar  ivuga ko intumwa y’Imana mubyo yategetse harimo ko iri turo ritangwa mbere y’uko abantu basohoka mungo zabo bagiye gusenga.

Indi hadith ivuga ivuga ko byemewe ko itangwa mbere y’umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri mbere y’uko umunsi nyirizina w’ilayidi ugera, nk’uko Intumwa y’Imana yajyaga iyitanga, ikayitanga mbere y’umunsi umwe cyangwa ibi iri akayiha abakene.

Abamenyi bavuga ko igihe cya nyuma cyo kuyitanga ari ukuyitanga mbere y’isengesho rya iddil fitri, aho bavuga ko Intumwa y’Imana iyo yayakiraga mbere y’isengesho ry’ilayidi yavaga aho ryakorewe imaze kuyiha abakene, mu gihe uyitanze nyuma y’isengesho aba atanze ituro risanzwe.

5. Abagenewe guhabwa Zakatul fitri

Abasesenguye bya cyane idini ya Islam bavuga ko Intumwa y’Imana yajyaga iha zakatul fitri abakene nk’uko bigaragara mu mvugo zigaragara mu bitabo bidashidikanywaho bya Muslim na Bukhar, abamenyi muri islam bavuga ko nta wundi muntu uhabwa iri turo utari umukene, yewe ko atigeze ariha abavugwa ko bahabwa ituro rikomoka mu mitungo  (zakatul mal).

Zakatul Fitri igera ku bantu ryari

Zakatul mal igera ku bagomba kuyigeraho nibura mu minsi ibiri cyangwa uwatumwe akayigeza kubo yatumye aho batuye mu buryo bw’icyubahiro ndetse no mu buryo buzira umuvundo

Impamvu havugwa kuyitanga mu cyubahiro ni uko ifatwa nk’igiye gusukura igisibo cy’umuntu bityo utanga ibisukura igisibo cye yagakwiye no kubitanga bibombaritse.

Abakire bategetswe kurigeza ku bakene barikuye mu mufuko wabo mu buryo bwubahitse, byaba ngombwa ko agira uwo atuma, abamenyi bakavuga ko byemewe ariko ntihakurwe igihembo muri zakatul Mal.

Mu gusoza, idini ya islam ivuga ko igikorwa cyose gifite uburyo yakigennye aribyo bita  (Ibada). Iyi Ibaada  kugira ngo yemerwe igomba kubahiriza ibintu bibiri aribyo: Gukora igikorwa kigamije gushimisha Imana no kugikora uko intumwa y’Imana yagikoze mu miterere no mu migenzereze y’icyo gikorwa.