Amateka y’Ubwami bw’Arabiya Sawudite atangira tariki ya 21 Nzeri 1932, ubwo Abdelaziz Ibn Saud yitangazaga nk’umwami wa Arabiya saudite, ni nyuma y’intambara uyu muryango w’aba Saudi watangiye kuva mu mwaka 1902 ubwo wigaruriraga umujyi wa Riyad, ugatangira guhangana n’Ingoma y’ab Uthumaniya izwi nkaba Ottoman.Ubu bwami bufashwa n’abongereza.
Ubu nibwo bwami bwa gatatu bunini bubayeho mu kigobe cy’abarabu bukaba bwarabayeho nyuma yo kwiyunga k’ubwami bwa Naj ndetse n’ubwa Hijaz bwje kuba ubwami bwa Arabiya sawudite
Al Saudi mu Kinyarwanda bikaba bisobanuye umuryango wa Saudi ari nawo witirirwa igihugu ari nawo waje kwitirirwa igihugu cyose ndetse ndetse n’abatuye ubutaka bufite kirometero kare miliyoni ebyiri bitwa abanyaArabiya saudite.
Uyu muryango w’abasawudi ni umwe mu miryango yakomeye muri kiriya gihugu aho yatangiye gukomera kuva mu mwaka w’1744, icyo gihe wagiranye amasezerano n’uwitwa Muhamad bin Abdelwahhab umwe mu bamenyi b’idini ya Islam wari ukunzwe cyane n’urubyiruko rwa kislam, bakora ubwami bwaba saoud.
Iki gihe bwari ubwa mbere Aba saoud bashatse gukora ubwami ariko Ingoma y’aba Otoman iburizamo uwo mugambi kuko yabonaga abantu batangiye kubayoboka no kubumva cyane bagendeye kuba bari bashyigikiwe na Sheikh Abdulwahab.
Ingoma y’ aba Ottoman muri 1818, bwahindiye abayobozi b’uduce dutandukanye, bashyiraho umunyaMisiri witwa Mehemed Ali, wayoboye umujyi wa Diriyah, azana n’ingabo z’Abanyamisiri basenya ibyari bimaze kugerwaho nko kwiyunga ku bijyanye n’ubutegetsi n’idini, bituma bamwe mu ba Saoud bahunga.
Tourki ben Abdallah Al Saoud umwuzukuru wa Muhamed bin Saudi wari warahunze igihugu ndetse akirukanwa mu gihugu, mu mwaka 1821 yatangije imyigaragabyo ku butegetsi bw’aba Ottoman bashinga ubwami ahitwa Riyad mu mwaka 1821 yaje kuba umujyi wa kabiri wa Arabiya saudite. Baje kandi kwigarura Hijaz ndetse ndetse n’ubutegetsi bw’abantu bitwaga abarashid bongera kugira izina kugeza ubwo mu 1835 bafashe twa ducce aba Saud bari bafite.
Abdelaziz ben Abdulrahmane Al Saoud washinze ubwami bwa Arabiya Sawudite
Mu mwaka 1871, Abasaud hajemo umwiryane nyuma yaho Saoud ben faysal ben Tourki al Saudi yambuye ubutegetsi uwitwaga Abdallah bavaga inda imwe, nawe yaje gupfa Abdallah agaruka nyuma y’umwaka ashaka gufata ubutegetsi akoresheje intamabra bituma umuryango wose umufata umushyikiriza umuyobozi wa Hail mu rwego rwo kwiyunga n’aba Al Rashid bari bamaze igihe barwana n’aba Al saud
Aba Al Rashid bateguye umugambi simusiga wo gukuraho ubwami bw’abasaud maz mu mwaka 1891,aba Saoud batsinzwe urugamba rwa Mulayda rwabereye mu gace ka Qassim, aho aba Rachid batewe inkunga n’ubutegetsi bw’aba Ottoman bwanganga aba Saoud. Umuryango w’abaSaoud uhungira mu gihugu cya Kowerit bukingirwa ikibaba n’abongereza nabo batumvikanaga na gato n’aba Ottoman.
Uko Aba Saud bagarutse muri Arabiya Sawudite
Aho bari mu buhungiro muri Koweit ahahungiye Abdlelazaz bin Abderrahmane bateguye igitero cyo kwigarurira Riyad na Nejd mu mwaka 1902, mu ijoro ryo kuwa 15 rishyira kuwa 16 Mutarama 1902 bigarurira Riyady hayoborwaga n’abo mu murwyango w’aba Rachid, nyuma y’icyo gihe bakomeje kugena bafata ibindi bice bitandukanye birimo ubwami bwa Nejd na Hedjad aribyo bakoze bigira igihugu kimwe cyitwa Arabiya Saudite. Mu mwaka 1932 Abdelaziz atangaza ko abaye umwami.
Muri 45 yagiranye amasezerano n’igihugu cya USA, yo gufukura ibikomoka kuri peteroli,
Nyuma y’imyaka 50 ari ku butegetsi, muri 53 umwami Abdelaziz bin Saud yaratanze asiga abana 53 harimo abana be batandatu bamaze kumusimbura ku ngoma.
Iki gihugu kikaba ari kimwe mu bihugu bizwi cyane ku isi kandi bikize kikaba aricyo kirimo imisigiti ibiri mitagatifu ariyo umusigiti wa Haram uri i Makka ndetse n’umusigiti w’intumwa uri i Madina, ikaba isurwa cyane n’abayislam baturutse hirya no hino ku isi aho ndetse mu idini ya Islam buri muyislam ufite ubushobozi asabwa gukora umutambagiro mutagatifu uri i Makka.
Umwami Salman bin AbdelAziz umwe mu bana ba Abdelaziz al Saud
