Igihugu cya Arabiya saudite cyasabye ibihugu bitandukanye kuba byitonze gutegura gahunda zo kujyayo gukora umutambagiro mutagatifu kubera icyorezo cya covid19, iki gihugu cyamaze gutangaza mu buryo bw’agateganyo ko uyu mutambagiro utakibaye bikaba bigendeye kuba cyo ubwacyo kimaze kugira abantu barenga ibihumbi 130 banduye iki cyorezo.
Mu mateka y’umutambagiro mutagatifu, abahanga mu idini ya islam bavuga ko wagaze inshuro 40 zose, zimwe muri izi nshuro harimo zatewe n’intambara, ibyorezo, ubushyamirane mu mitegekere n’ibindi. Uretse izi mpamvu hari n’igihe cyabayeho uretse gukora umutambagiro munini (Haj) iyi nzu ifite icyo ivuze kinini ku bayislam babujijwe kuyikoreramo isengesho.
Ikinyamakuru The conversation kivuga ko kuva iki gihugu cyakwitwa Arabiya Saudite mu mwaka w’1932, nta na rimwe umutambagiro mutagatifu utabaye, uretse mu myaka yakurikiye hagiye habaho ibitero cyangwa se kugaba ibitero bisa nk’aho bibohoje cyangwa byigaruriye iyi ngoro mu buryo budasanzwe, iyi ngoro ikaba kandi ifatiye runini Arabiya Sawudite kuko yinjiza amafaranga menshi cyane, ava mu bayigana.
Intambara zahagaritse umutambagiro
Bimwe mu bitero bivugwa ni nk’icyagabwe mu mwaka wa 930 nyuma ya yezu n’agatsiko kitwa Ismailia ni kamwe mu dutsiko kagize igice cy’abashiya kazwi ku izina rya “Qarmatian”, aka gatsiko kakaba karagabye igitero kuri iyi nyubako kuko abakagize bavugaga ko abakora uyu mutambagiro ari abantu batazi Imana.
Aba ba Qarmatian bivugwa ko bishe abantu benshi bari baje mu mutambagiro mutagatifu aho bavugaga ko ikibazana ari ugukora ku ibuye ry’umukara, abayislam bemera ko ryavuye mu ijuru rigashyirwa kuri Kaaba (Inzu ndangacyerezo iri ku musigiti w’i Makka), Aba Qarmatian bakaba baratwaye iryo buye mu bwihisho mu gihugu cya Bahrain ariko riza kugarurwa nyuma y’imyaka 20.
Umutambagiro waje guhagarara kugeza ubwo hagiriyeho ingoma y’aba Abbas, imwe mu ngoma nini cyane yabayeho mu mitegekere ya kislam mu mwaka wa 750, iyi ngoma yaragutse igera mu majyaruguru ya Afurika, uburasirazuba bwa ruguru, no mu buhinde yavuyeho mu mwaka 1258, bivugwa ko iyi ngoma ariyo yagaruye iri buye nyuma yo kuryishyura hashize imyaka 20 ryaratwawe.
Amakimbirane mu bya politike
Amakibirane mu bya politike y’imitegekere y’ubutegetsi nayo ni imwe mu mpamvu zagiye zibaho zigatuma umutambagiro utaba bitewe ni uko zimwe mu nzira zijya ahakorerwa umutambagiro zabaga zifunze.
Mu mwaka wa 983 habayeho kutumvikana hagati y’abayoboraga Misiri na Baghdad, Abayobozi bo mu Misiri bitwaga aba Fatimide, batangaje ko aribo bayobozi b’ukuri bahagarariye abayislam ndetse nigomeka ku buyobozi bw’ingoma yaba Abbas yari muri Iraq na Siriya..
Aya makimbirane yatumye abakora umutambagiro mutagatifu batawukora mu gihe cy’imyaka 8 yosekugeza mu mwaka wa 991.
Nyuma yaho abafatimide batsindiwe kuva mu mwaka w’1168, abanyaMisiri n’abo muri Baghadad bangiwe kwinjira muri Hijaz ( yabarizwagamo Makka) kugeza mu mwaka w’1258, iki gihugu cyari icya Kislam bimwe mu bice byacyo bifashwe n’aba Mongol.
Kuva mu mwaka w’1798 kugeza mu mwaka w’1801, ingabo za Napoleon zinjiye muri kariya karere nabwo umubare munini w’abakora umutambagiro ntiwabashije kuwukora bitewe n’ubushyamirane mu bategekaga iyi ngoma ya kislam.
Ibyorezo
Ibyorezo nk’ikiriho uyu munsi ni kimwe mu byatumye umutambagiro mutagatifu (Hajj) utaba nk’aho amateka agaragaza ko icyorezo cyateye mu mwaka wa 967 ndetse n’amapfa yakurikiye byatumye abategetsi b’abafatimide bahagarika uyu mutambagiro kugeza mu mwaka 1048.
Icyorezo cya Korera nacyo ni kimwe mu cyamaze igihe kinini cyabayeho mu npera y’ikinyejana cya 19, ndetse kinagera mu mijyi ya Maka na Madina mu mwaka w’1958, kinica abantu benshi bajyaga muri uyu mutambagiro, bituma uhagarikwa, iki cyorezo cya korera cyatumye abanyamisiri benshi bahungiye hafi y’imyanja y’umutuku, barashyizwe mu kato.
Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20,Korera yakomeje kuba icyorezo gihangayikishije isi gituma umutambgiro ukomeza guhagarikwa, nko mu mwaka 1831, uyu mutambagiro wahitanye ibihumbi by’abahinde b’abayislam bari bagiye gukora Hijja.
Mu bihe bya vuba
Mu myaka ya vuba nabwo hari igihe umutambagiro mutagatifu wagiye uhagarikwa kuri bamwe mu baturage b’ibihugu bitandukanye bitewe n’icyorezo cyabaga kiri kuvugwa.
Mu mwaka wa 2012 n’uwa 2013, abayobozi ba Arabiya Sawudite basabye abarwayi n’abasaza kutajya gukora umutambagiro mutagatifu, mu gihe bari bafite ibimenyetso byo kudahumeka neza baygaragaye mu burasirazuba bwo hagati MERS.
Mu mwaka w’2017, abanyaQatar miliyoni 1,8 bangiwe gukora Hijja kubera icyemezo Arabiya Saudite n’ibindi bihugu bigiranye umubano mubi n’igihugu na Qatar kubera ibibazo bya politike bishingiye ku bibazo byashinjwaga Qatar ko ikorana n’imitwe y’iterabwoba.
Mu myaka ya vuba kandi bimwe mu bihugu by’abashiya birimo nka Iran byareze Arabiya Saudite kwangira abashiya kujya gukora umutambagiro mutagatifu, ahobashyiraga mu majwi abategetsi b’abasuni bayoboye Arabiya Sawudite, aho bavuga ko Abashiya bakoma mu nkokora imigendekere y’uyu mutambagiro.
Umwaka ushize wa 2019, Arabiya Saudite yangiye abayislam bo mu gihugu cya Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya kongo kwitabira umutambagiro kubera icyorezo cya EBOLA cyari mu gihugu cya RDC, ibi kandi bikaba byarabaye no mu mwaka w’2014, mu bihugu byo mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika byari byibasiwe n’iki cyorezo
Mu ncamake
- Umutambagiro wahagaritswe imyaka 10 kuva mu mwaka wa 930 kugeza mu mwaka 940 bitewe n’intambara yatewe n’agatsiko kitwa Qarmatian, bica abakoraga umutambagiro ibihumbi 30,000, amazi ya zamzam bayashyiramo imirambo, bangiza Kaaba ndetse batwara ibuye ry’umukara, abayislam bemera ko ryavuye mu ijuru.
- Hagati y’umwaka wa 956 kugeza mu mwaka w’1260 nta hijja ntiyabayeho mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu kubera ibibazo bya Politike, abatuye Arabiya Saudite nibo bari bemerewe kuwukora gusa.
- Mu mwaka wa 967 Hijja ntiyabaye kubera icyorezo cyahitanye ibihumbi by’abantu n’amatungo.
- AbanyaMisiri ntibemerewe kujya gukora umutambagiro mu mwaka w’1000 kubera ko ibiciro byari byazamuwe, ndetse byongera kuba mu mwaka 1028
- Kuva mu mwaka wa 885 kugeza mu mwaka w’1001, Hija yahagaritse ku baturuka mu gice cya Iraq n’inkengero bitewe n’intambara zishamikiye ku mitegekere
- Mu mwaka w’1001 abakora umutambagiro mutagatifu baturuka mu bihugu bya Iraq na Khurasan barawusubitswe kubera ko imihanda itari imeze neza bitewe n’ibibazo bya Politike
- Kubera ibibazo by’ubukonje bwinshi n’umwuzure byabaye mu mwaka w’1026, hijja yarahagaritswe ku bantu baturukaga muri Iraq
- Mu mwaka w’1925, nta munya Misiri numwe wagiye gukora Umutambagiro nyuma y’igitero cyagabwe ku bari bajyanye Kiswah (igitambaro cya Kaaba) cyari kivuye mu Misiri kigiye muri Arabiya Saudite
